Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection caused by bacteria. It is a serious condition that needs quick treatment to prevent kidney damage. In this article, we will explain pyelonephritis including its causes, symptoms, treatment, and the ICD-10 codes used to classify it.
What is Pyelonephritis?
Pyelonephritis is an infection in one or both kidneys. Urine is produced by the kidneys after they filter waste from the blood. When bacteria infect the kidneys, it can cause pain, fever, and other problems.
There are two types of pyelonephritis:
- Acute Pyelonephritis: An unexpectedly serious kidney illness.
- Chronic Pyelonephritis: A long-term infection that happens due to repeated urinary infections or other conditions.
ICD-10 Code for Pyelonephritis
The ICD-10 is a system doctors use to classify diseases. The main codes for pyelonephritis are:
- N10: Acute pyelonephritis
- N11: Chronic pyelonephritis
- N11.0: Nonobstructive (no blockage) chronic pyelonephritis
- N11.1: Chronic pyelonephritis with obstruction
- N11.8: Other types of chronic pyelonephritis
- N11.9: Unspecified chronic pyelonephritis
- N12: Kidney infection not clearly labeled as acute or chronic
These codes help healthcare providers record the type of kidney infection correctly.
What Causes Pyelonephritis?
The infection happens when bacteria enter the kidneys. Common causes include:
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): It is possible for bacteria such as E. coli to migrate from the bladder to the kidneys.
- Blockages: Kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can block urine flow, allowing bacteria to grow.
- Weak Immune System: Conditions like diabetes can make it harder for the body to fight infections.
- Backward Flow of Urine: Some people have a condition where urine flows from the bladder back to the kidneys.
- Pregnancy: Hormonal changes can increase the risk of infections during pregnancy.
Symptoms of Pyelonephritis
Signs of pyelonephritis can include:
- High fever and chills
- Pain in the back, sides, or lower stomach
- Regular urination or an intense urge to urinate
- Burning feeling while urinating
- Cloudy, smelly, or bloody urine
- Nausea and vomiting
- Feeling tired or weak
In chronic cases, the symptoms may be mild but could include back pain or signs of kidney problems.
How is Pyelonephritis Diagnosed?
Doctors can identify pyelonephritis using the following tests:
- Urine Test: To look for white blood cells or germs in the urine.
- Urine Culture: To find out which bacteria are causing the infection.
- Blood Test: To check for the spread of the virus.
- Imaging Tests: Ultrasound or CT scans may be used to check the kidneys for blockages or other problems.
Treatment of Pyelonephritis
Treating pyelonephritis quickly is important to prevent complications. Treatments include:
- Antibiotics: These medicines kill bacteria. The type and duration depend on how severe the infection is.
- Hospital Care: For severe infections, doctors may give antibiotics through an IV in a hospital.
- Pain Relief: Over-the-counter painkillers can help ease discomfort.
- Surgery: In rare cases, surgeons may need to remove blockages or drain abscesses.
What Happens if Pyelonephritis is Not Treated?
If untreated, pyelonephritis can lead to serious problems, such as:
- Kidney Damage: Scarring of the kidneys can lead to long-term problems.
- Sepsis: The infection can spread to the bloodstream, which is life-threatening.
- Repeated Infections: Chronic infections may happen if the problem is not solved.
- Pregnancy Complications: Pregnant women may face risks like preterm labor.
How to Prevent Pyelonephritis
Here are simple tips to lower the risk of kidney infections:
- Drink Water: Hydration aids in the removal of germs.
- Practice Good Hygiene: After using the loo, wipe from front to back.
- Empty Your Bladder Often: Don’t hold urine for too long.
- Treat UTIs Early: See a doctor if you have symptoms of a urinary infection.
- Avoid Irritants: Don’t use harsh soaps or products that can irritate the urinary tract.
Conclusion
Pyelonephritis is a serious condition that needs fast treatment. Understanding its symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help you act quickly and avoid complications. The ICD-10 codes like N10 and N11 are used by doctors to correctly identify and record this condition. By staying hydrated, practicing good hygiene, and addressing UTIs early, you can help protect your kidneys and stay healthy.
